The ability of a material to withstand rapid temperature changes such as sudden cooling and heating without cracking, peeling, or fracturing. Rapid temperature changes create a temperature gradient within the material, and uneven thermal expansion and contraction generate thermal stress; when the stress exceeds the limit, damage occurs. Excellent thermal shock resistance can prevent sudden failure of components under thermal cycling, delay crack propagation, extend service life, and reduce operation and maintenance costs. At the same time, it resists sudden temperature fluctuations, avoids safety risks such as equipment damage, and can withstand larger temperature differences and rapid heating and cooling, expanding applicable working conditions and improving production efficiency.